35Evidence B

Drinking one or two servings of milk or yogurt daily

People who consume two or more servings of milk or yogurt daily have a roughly 17% lower chance of dying during the same period compared to those who don’t drink any.

Cost

Only a few yuan per day; requires no extra time.

Benefit

The PURE study followed 136,000 participants across 21 countries for an average of 9.1 years;

Cost

Only a few yuan per day; requires no extra time.

Benefit

The PURE study followed 136,000 participants across 21 countries for an average of 9.1 years; 6,796 of them passed away. Those who ate two or more servings of dairy products daily faced a 17% lower mortality risk than non-consumers (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.96). The statistical significance of this trend is confirmed by a P-value of 0.0052.

Original sources

Dehghan M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. (2018). Association of dairy intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet, 392(10161), 2288-2297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31812-9

Open source link
Book note

There are some concerns: the PURE study included many participants from low- and middle-income countries, where regular milk consumption often reflects better household financial status, making it hard to rule out this confounding factor. Additionally, people with lactose intolerance can safely switch to yogurt or low-lactose milk instead of forcing themselves to drink regular milk.

My note