Don’t smoke at home or in the car, and don’t let guests smoke indoors

There is no monetary cost and it takes little time. The challenge is simply having the conversation with family members and guests to keep them from smoking indoors.

In 2004, secondhand smoke caused 603,000 deaths globally, about 1.0% of all deaths, with children accounting for 28%. Pooling 57 studies, the odds ratio for hypertension in exposed versus unexposed people was about 1.28. The odds ratios were 1.39 for heart disease, 1.50 for myocardial infarction, and 1.36 for stroke. Risk was greater for exposure at home than outside the home.

Öberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, Peruga A, Prüss-Ustün A (2011). Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet：「603,000 deaths were attributable to second-hand smoke in 2004, which was about 1·0% of worldwide mortality. 47% of deaths from second-hand smoke occurred in women, 28% in children, and 26% in men」，「61% of DALYs were in children」. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61388-8；(2026). The Associations Between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Various Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis. Nicotine & Tobacco Research：57 项研究，「hypertension (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.40), heart disease (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.50), myocardial infarction (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.84), stroke (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.54)」「Home exposure has a higher risk of CVD than non-home exposure」. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf111

Focus on home environments first, since people spend more time there and pooled research indicates that indoor secondhand smoke is more harmful than outdoor exposure. Children bear 61% of the overall health burden caused by secondhand smoke. For personal smoking cessation, see item 1 in this section.