No screen time for children aged 0–3; limit it as much as possible for ages 3–6; for school‑age kids, non‑educational screen use should not exceed one hour per day.

There is no monetary cost. The real challenge is keeping screens out of children’s hands and encouraging parents to cut down on their own screen time in front of them.

Article 4 of the “Ten Core Principles for Preventing Myopia in Children and Adolescents” states: “Children aged 0–3 should not use smartphones, tablets, computers, or other screen‑based electronic devices; children aged 3–6 should avoid such devices as much as possible; for school‑age students, non‑educational screen use should be limited to no more than 15 minutes at a time and no more than one hour per day.” It also notes that “prolonged close‑up use of screen devices can deplete a child’s far‑sightedness reserve, a key factor in the early and frequent occurrence of myopia.” In 2018, eight government agencies, including the Ministry of Education, issued similar recommendations, adding that “the younger the child, the shorter the recommended continuous screen time.” Scientific research is far less definitive: a systematic review examined 33 studies involving participants from 3 months to 33 years of age; only 11 contributed to the pooled analysis. When only smartphones and tablets were considered, the odds ratio for myopia was 1.26 (95 % CI 1.00–1.60, I² = 77 %). Including computers raised that figure to 1.77 (1.28–2.45, I² = 87 %). The authors concluded only that there may be a link, noting that none of the 33 studies measured screen time reliably.

国家卫生健康委办公厅 (2023). 防控儿童青少年近视核心知识十条（国卫办妇幼函〔2023〕278 号）. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202307/content_6894284.htm ; 教育部等八部门 (2018). 综合防控儿童青少年近视实施方案（教体艺〔2018〕3 号）. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/s3285/201808/t20180830_346672.html ; Foreman J, Salim AT, Praveen A, et al. (2021). Association between digital smart device use and myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Digital Health, 3(12), e806-e818. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00135-7 ; Madigan S, McArthur BA, Anhorn C, Eirich R, Christakis DA (2020). Associations between screen use and child language skills: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(7), 665-675. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0327

This recommendation earned a B rating because it is based on official policy directives rather than experimental data. The lower bound of the pooled odds ratio sits right at 1.00, and the authors only describe the relationship as “possible,” so it should be viewed as a practical family guideline rather than a guarantee that avoiding screens eliminates myopia risk. The strongest evidence for prevention comes from Recommendation 4 (two hours of outdoor activity daily). Regular eye examinations are also advised for preschoolers: the same document recommends periodic refraction screening for ages 1–3, 4–6, and older to assess remaining far‑sightedness reserve; details are provided in Recommendation 12 (pupil dilation refraction). Finally, a meta‑analysis of 42 studies involving 18,905 participants found that longer screen time correlates with weaker language development (r = −0.14, 95 % CI −0.18 to −0.10). However, watching educational content on screen shows a positive correlation (r = 0.16 and 0.13). This is a correlation, not causation; it simply underscores that substituting screen time for direct interaction with caregivers is less beneficial for language growth.